初探Method Swizzling及其应用场景
2019-04-19
关于Method Swizzling
最近对一些ios的apm系统比较感兴趣,所以就研究了一些相关的技术。首先从最基本的Method Swizzling
开始。
Method Swizzling
是OC runtime提供的一种动态替换方法实现的技术,我们利用它可以替换系统或者我们自定义类的方法实现,进而达到我们的特殊目的。
代码-github: MethodSwizzling
Method Swizzling原理
为什么Method Swizzling
能替换一个类的方法呢?我们首先要理解一下其替换的原理。
OC中的方法在runtime.h
中的定义如下:
struct objc_method{
SEL method_name OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
char *method_types OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
IMP method_imp OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
} OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
}
- method_name: 方法名
- method_types: 方法类型,主要存储着方法的参数类型和返回值类型
- method_imp: 方法的实现,函数指针
由此,我们也可以发现 OC 中的方法名是不包括参数类型的,也就是说下面两个方法在 runtime 看来就是同一个方法:
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)viewWillAppear:(NSString *)string;
原则上,方法的名称 method_name
和方法的实现 method_imp
是一一对应的,而 Method Swizzling 的原理就是动态地改变它们的对应关系,以达到替换方法实现的目的。
Method Swizzling
应用
runtime中和方法替换相关的函数
class_getInstanceMethod
OBJC_EXPORT Method _Nullable
class_getInstanceMethod(Class _Nullable cls, SEL _Nonnull name);
- 作用:获取一个类的实例方法
- cls : 方法所在的类
- name: 选择子的名称(选择子就是方法名称)
class_getClassMethod
OBJC_EXPORT Method _Nullable
class_getClassMethod(Class _Nullable cls, SEL _Nonnull name);
- 作用:获取一个类的类方法
- cls : 方法所在的类
- name: 选择子名称
method_getImplementation
OBJC_EXPORT IMP _Nonnull
method_getImplementation(Method _Nonnull m);
- 作用: 根据方法获取方法的指针
- m : 方法
method_getTypeEncoding
OBJC_EXPORT const char * _Nullable
method_getTypeEncoding(Method _Nonnull m);
- 作用: 获取方法的参数和返回值类型描述
- m : 方法
class_addMethod
OBJC_EXPORT BOOL
class_addMethod(Class _Nullable cls, SEL _Nonnull name, IMP _Nonnull imp,
const char * _Nullable types);
- 作用: 给类添加一个新方法和该方法的实现
- 返回值: yes,表示添加成功; No,表示添加失败
- cls: 将要添加方法的类
- name: 将要添加的方法名
- imp: 实现这个方法的指针
- types: 要添加的方法的返回值和参数
method_exchangeImplementations
OBJC_EXPORT void
method_exchangeImplementations(Method _Nonnull m1, Method _Nonnull m2);
- 交换两个方法
class_replaceMethod
OBJC_EXPORT IMP _Nullable
class_replaceMethod(Class _Nullable cls, SEL _Nonnull name, IMP _Nonnull imp,
const char * _Nullable types) ;
- 作用: 指定替换方法的实现
- cls : 将要替换方法的类
- name: 将要替换的方法名
- imp: 新方法的指针
- types: 新方法的返回值和参数描述
替换一个类的实例方法
eg: 替换UIViewController
中的viewDidLoad
方法。
#import "UIViewController+MI.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation UIViewController (MI)
+ (void)load{
// 替换ViewController中的viewDidLoad方法
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
SEL origin_selector = @selector(viewDidLoad);
SEL swizzed_selector = @selector(mi_viewDidLoad);
Method origin_method = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], origin_selector);
Method swizzed_method = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], swizzed_selector);
BOOL did_add_method = class_addMethod([self class],
origin_selector,
method_getImplementation(swizzed_method),
method_getTypeEncoding(swizzed_method));
if (did_add_method) {
NSLog(@"debugMsg: ViewController类中没有viewDidLoad方法(可能在其父类h中),所以先添加后替换");
class_replaceMethod([self class],
swizzed_selector,
method_getImplementation(origin_method),
method_getTypeEncoding(origin_method));
}else{
NSLog(@"debugMsg: 直接交换方法");
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method, swizzed_method);
}
});
}
- (void)mi_viewDidLoad
{
[self mi_viewDidLoad];
NSLog(@"debugMsg: 替换成功");
}
对以上代码做简要说明:
- 在category的
+(void)load
方法中添加替换的代码,在类初始加载的时候会被自动调用。 - dispath_once确保只执行一次
- 先调用
class_addMethod
方法,保证即使父类中存在要替换的方法,也能替换成功
替换成功。控制台信息:
2019-04-17 17:25:16.937849+0800 MethodSwizzling[4975:639584] debugMsg: 直接交换方法
2019-04-17 17:25:17.025214+0800 MethodSwizzling[4975:639584] debugMsg: 替换成功
替换一个类的实例方法到另一个类
当我们对私有类库(不知道该类的头文件,只知道有这个类并且已知该类中的一个方法),此时我们需要hook这个类的方法到一个新类中。
eg: 我们要hook person类中有一个speak:
方法方法:
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
- (void)speak:(NSString *)language
{
NSLog(@"person speak language: %@",language);
}
+ (void)sleep:(NSUInteger)hour
{
NSLog(@"person sleep: %lu",hour);
}
@end
我们新建ChinesePerson
,hook speak:
方法到ChinesePerson
中。
#import "ChinesePerson.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation ChinesePerson
+ (void)load
{
Class origin_class = NSClassFromString(@"Person");
Class swizzed_class = [self class];
SEL origin_selector = NSSelectorFromString(@"speak:");
SEL swizzed_selector = NSSelectorFromString(@"mi_speak:");
Method origin_method = class_getInstanceMethod(origin_class, origin_selector);
Method swizzed_method = class_getInstanceMethod(swizzed_class, swizzed_selector);
BOOL add_method = class_addMethod(origin_class,
swizzed_selector,
method_getImplementation(swizzed_method),
method_getTypeEncoding(swizzed_method));
if (!add_method) {
return;
}
swizzed_method = class_getInstanceMethod(origin_class, swizzed_selector);
if (!swizzed_method) {
return;
}
BOOL did_add_method = class_addMethod(origin_class,
origin_selector,
method_getImplementation(swizzed_method),
method_getTypeEncoding(swizzed_method));
if (did_add_method) {
class_replaceMethod(origin_class,
swizzed_selector,
method_getImplementation(origin_method),
method_getTypeEncoding(origin_method));
}else{
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method, swizzed_method);
}
}
- (void)mi_speak:(NSString *)language
{
if ([language isEqualToString:@"Chinese"]) {
[self mi_speak:language];
}
}
替换成功。控制台信息(只打印汉语):
2019-04-17 17:25:17.025362+0800 MethodSwizzling[4975:639584] person speak language: Chinese
替换类方法
eg: 我们替换person类中的sleep:
方法:
#import "Person+MI.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation Person (MI)
+ (void)load
{
Class class = [self class];
SEL origin_selector = @selector(sleep:);
SEL swizzed_selector = @selector(mi_sleep:);
Method origin_method = class_getClassMethod(class, origin_selector);
Method swizzed_method = class_getClassMethod(class,swizzed_selector);
if (!origin_method || !swizzed_method) {
return;
}
IMP origin_imp = method_getImplementation(origin_method);
IMP swizzed_imp = method_getImplementation(swizzed_method);
const char* origin_type = method_getTypeEncoding(origin_method);
const char* swizzed_type = method_getTypeEncoding(swizzed_method);
// 添加方法到MetaClass中
Class meta_class = objc_getMetaClass(class_getName(class));
class_replaceMethod(meta_class, swizzed_selector, origin_imp, origin_type);
class_replaceMethod(meta_class, origin_selector, swizzed_imp, swizzed_type);
}
+ (void)mi_sleep:(NSUInteger)hour
{
if (hour >= 7) {
[self mi_sleep:hour];
}
}
@end
控制台打印(睡眠大于等于7小时才打印—-呼吁健康睡眠):
2019-04-17 17:25:17.025465+0800 MethodSwizzling[4975:639584] person sleep: 8
类方法的hook和实例方法的hook有两点不同:
- 获取Method的方法变更为
class_getClassMethod(Class cls, SEL name)
,不是class_getInstanceMethod(Class cls, SEL name)
; - 对于类方法的动态添加,需要将方法添加到MetaClass中,因为实例方法记录在class的method-list中, 类方法是记录在meta-class中的method-list中的.
替换类簇中的方法
#import "MIMutableDictionary.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation MIMutableDictionary
+ (void)load
{
Class origin_class = NSClassFromString(@"__NSDictionaryM");
Class swizzed_class = [self class];
SEL origin_selector = @selector(setObject:forKey:);
SEL swizzed_selector = @selector(mi_setObject:forKey:);
Method origin_method = class_getInstanceMethod(origin_class, origin_selector);
Method swizzed_method = class_getInstanceMethod(swizzed_class, swizzed_selector);
IMP origin_imp = method_getImplementation(origin_method);
IMP swizzed_imp = method_getImplementation(swizzed_method);
const char* origin_type = method_getTypeEncoding(origin_method);
const char* swizzed_type = method_getTypeEncoding(swizzed_method);
class_replaceMethod(origin_class, swizzed_selector, origin_imp, origin_type);
class_replaceMethod(origin_class, origin_selector, swizzed_imp, swizzed_type);
}
- (void)mi_setObject:(id)objContent forKey:(id<NSCopying>)keyContent
{
if (objContent && keyContent) {
NSLog(@"执行了进去");
[self mi_setObject:objContent forKey:keyContent];
}
}
@end
应用
不推荐在项目中过多的使用Method Swizzling
,不然的话原生的类都被hook的非常乱,项目出问题时非常难定位问题。有一篇文章说它是ios中的一个毒瘤。 iOS届的毒瘤-MethodSwizzling
尽管如此,我们还是了解并梳理一下其应用场景来感受一下这种技术。
防止数组取值时越界crash
不仅仅是数组,NSDictionary
的利用runtime防止崩溃是同样的原理。
#import "NSArray+Safe.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation NSArray (Safe)
+ (void)load
{
// objectAtIndex: 方式取元素
Method origin_method = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayI"), @selector(objectAtIndex:));
Method replaced_method = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayI"), @selector(safeObjectAtIndex:));
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method, replaced_method);
Method origin_method_muta = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayM"), @selector(objectAtIndex:));
Method replaced_method_muta = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayM"), @selector(safeMutableObjectAtIndex:));
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method_muta, replaced_method_muta);
// 直接通过数组下标的方式取元素
Method origin_method_sub = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayI"), @selector(objectAtIndexedSubscript:));
Method replaced_method_sub = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayI"), @selector(safeObjectAtIndexedSubscript:));
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method_sub, replaced_method_sub);
Method origin_method_muta_sub = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayM"), @selector(objectAtIndexedSubscript:));
Method replaced_method_muta_sub = class_getInstanceMethod(objc_getClass("__NSArrayM"), @selector(safeMutableObjectAtIndexedSubscript:));
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method_muta_sub, replaced_method_muta_sub);
}
- (id)safeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
if (self.count > index && self.count) {
return [self safeObjectAtIndex:index];
}
NSLog(@"errorMsg:数组[NSArray]越界...");
return nil;
}
- (id)safeMutableObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
if (self.count > index && self.count) {
return [self safeMutableObjectAtIndex:index];
}
NSLog(@"errorMsg:数组[NSMutableArray]越界...");
return nil;
}
-(id)safeObjectAtIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)index
{
if (self.count > index && self.count) {
return [self safeObjectAtIndexedSubscript:index];
}
NSLog(@"errorMsg:数组[NSArray]越界...");
return nil;
}
- (id)safeMutableObjectAtIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)index
{
if (self.count > index && self.count) {
return [self safeMutableObjectAtIndexedSubscript:index];
}
NSLog(@"errorMsg:数组[NSMutableArray]越界...");
return nil;
}
@end
使用:
- (void)test2
{
NSArray *arr = @[@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f"];
NSLog(@"atIndex方式: %@",[arr objectAtIndex:10]);
NSLog(@"下标方式: %@",arr[10]);
}
控制台输出log:
2019-04-18 19:14:18.139417+0800 MethodSwizzling[25379:1703659] errorMsg:数组[NSArray]越界...
2019-04-18 19:14:18.139536+0800 MethodSwizzling[25379:1703659] atIndex方式: (null)
2019-04-18 19:14:18.139793+0800 MethodSwizzling[25379:1703659] errorMsg:数组[NSArray]越界...
2019-04-18 19:14:18.139868+0800 MethodSwizzling[25379:1703659] 下标方式: (null)
改变app中所有按钮的大小
常规做法是遍历视图中的所有子视图,把所有的button整体改变。 此时我们使用runtime改变按钮的大小。
#import "UIButton+Size.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation UIButton (Size)
+ (void)load
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
// 增大所有按钮大小
Method origin_method = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], @selector(setFrame:));
Method replaced_method = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], @selector(miSetFrame:));
method_exchangeImplementations(origin_method, replaced_method);
});
}
- (void)miSetFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
frame = CGRectMake(frame.origin.x, frame.origin.y, frame.size.width+20, frame.size.height+20);
NSLog(@"设置按钮大小生效");
[self miSetFrame:frame];
}
@end
处理按钮重复点击
如果重复过快的点击同一个按钮,那么就会多次触发和按钮绑定的事件。处理这种case的方式有很多种,通过Method Swillzing
也能解决这种问题。
.h文件:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface UIButton (QuickClick)
@property (nonatomic,assign) NSTimeInterval delayTime;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
#import "UIButton+QuickClick.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation UIButton (QuickClick)
static const char* delayTime_str = "delayTime_str";
+ (void)load
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
Method originMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(sendAction:to:forEvent:));
Method replacedMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(miSendAction:to:forEvent:));
method_exchangeImplementations(originMethod, replacedMethod);
});
}
- (void)miSendAction:(nonnull SEL)action to:(id)target forEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
if (self.delayTime > 0) {
if (self.userInteractionEnabled) {
[self miSendAction:action to:target forEvent:event];
}
self.userInteractionEnabled = NO;
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,
(int64_t)(self.delayTime * NSEC_PER_SEC)),
dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
});
}else{
[self miSendAction:action to:target forEvent:event];
}
}
- (NSTimeInterval)delayTime
{
return [objc_getAssociatedObject(self, delayTime_str) doubleValue];
}
- (void)setDelayTime:(NSTimeInterval)delayTime
{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, delayTime_str, @(delayTime), OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
@end
代码
github: MethodSwizzling